Carved support beams of the Hetmanate
Abstract
The article examines the carved support beams from the apartments of representatives of the families of the Cossack elders and the Orthodox clergy of the Hetmanate from the last quarter of the 17th till the end of 18th centuries. The creation of multi-ornamented support beams was a kind of confirmation of the social status of the owners of the houses and their artistic preferences, and an expression of the skill level of the master carvers of that time. The aim of the study is to analyze all the support beams of representatives of the Cossack elders and clergy of the 17th and 18th centuries known today and to achieve general undertanding regarding the specifics of these monuments of the material culture of the Hetmanate. For the first time in historiography, on the basis of information about the support beams preserved in museum collections and highlighted in scientific publications, a comprehensive general analysis of these monuments as a phenomenon of material culture was carried out. As a result of the analysis of information about 22 carved support beams of the 17th-18th centuries from the territory of the Hetmanate, it was concluded that the common features of these monuments are the presence (with some exceptions) of straight Orthodox crosses and inscriptions in the Church Slavonic language in the centers of the artefacts. In the ornamentation of the support beams, features characteristic of the late baroque and classicism can be traced. At the same time, both simpler and more richly decorated artefacts exist. The second group includes support beams from the houses of individual representatives of the Cossack elders. Each support beam was a visual manifestation of the owner's wealth and social status, and of their artistic preferences against the background of generally accepted cultural canons. At the same time, carved support beams are examples of the skill of Ukrainian master carvers of the early modern era, which need to be preserved for future generations. In general, the images on these products are permeated with Christian symbolism, although they also contain some symbols that occur in pagan sign systems.
Downloads
References
Adruh, A. (2020). Derevorizblennia ta ikonostasy Chernihova druhoi polovyny XVII – pochatku XVIII stolit [Wood carvings and iconostases of Chernihiv of the second half of the 17th and early 18th centuries]. Siverianskyi litopys – Severyan chronicle, (2), 42‒59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3859329 [in Ukrainian].
Aleppskii, P. (1897). Puteshestvie Antiokhiiskogo Patriarkha Makariia v Rossiiu v polovine XVII veka opisannoe ego synom arkhidiakonom Pavlom Aleppskim (po rukopisi Moskovskogo glavnogo arkhiva Ministerstva inostrannykh del) Vyp. 2. (Ot Dnepra do Moskvy) [The journey of the Antioch Patriarch Macarius to Russia in the middle of the 17th century, described by his son, Archdeacon Pavlo Aleppskii (based on the manuscript of the Moscow Main Archive of the Moscow Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Issue 2. (From the Dnipro to Moscow)]. Moscow: Society of Russian History and Antiquities at Moscow University [in Russian].
Chechot, I. (1982). Barokko kak kulturologicheskoe poniatie. Opyt issledovaniia K. Gurlita [Baroque as a cultural concept. Research experience of K. Gurlit]. In Barokko v Slavianskikh kulturakh [Baroque in Slavic cultures] (pp. 326‒349). Moscow: Science [in Russian].
Makarov, A. (1994). Svitlo ukrainskoho baroko [The light of the Ukrainian Baroque]. Kyiv: Art [in Ukrainian].
Malchenko, O. (2007). Khudozhnie lyttia harmat u Hetmanshchyni za chasiv pravlinnia Ivana Mazepy [Artistic casting of cannons in the Hetman region during the reign of Ivan Mazepa]. Kyiv: VIPOL [in Ukrainian].
N. B. (1904). Starinnyi svolok [An old support beam]. Arheologicheskaya letopis Yuzhnoj Rossii ‒ Archaeological chronicle of Southern Russia, (3), 95‒96 [in Russian].
Pavluckij, G. (1911). Grazhdanskoe zodchestvo na Ukraine [Civil architecture in Ukraine]. In I. Grabar' (Ed.) Istoriya russkogo iskusstva Dopetrovskaya epoha (Moskva i Ukraina) [History of Russian art in Pre-Petrine era. (Moscow and Ukraine)], Volume 2. Architecture. Moskow: I. Knebel' [in Russian].
Shcherban, A., & Babkova, N. (2023). Svolok 1741 r. z fondiv Dykanskoho istoryko-kraieznavchoho muzeiu [Support beam of 1741 from the funds of the Dykanka Historical and Local History Museum]. Narodoznavchi zoshyty ‒ The Ethnology Notebooks, 6(174), 1386‒1396. https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2023.06.1386 [in Ukrainian].
Sherotskij, K. (1914) Ocherki po istorii dekorativnogo iskusstva Ukrainy [Essays on the history of decorative art of Ukraine]. Kiev: Tipografiya S. V. Kul'zhenko [in Russian].
Shkira, M., Shkira, N., & Shkira, L. (2018). Svoloky u konteksti doslidzhennia tradytsiinoho narodnoho zhytla kintsia XIX – pochatku XX stolittia Muzeiu narodnoi arkhitektury ta pobutu Serednoi Naddniprianshchyny Natsionalnoho istoryeo-etnohrafichnoho zapovidnyka «Pereiaslav» [Support beams in the context of the study of traditional folk dwellings of the end of the 19th ‒ beginning of the 20th century of the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of the Central Dnipro region of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve "Pereyaslav"]. Eminak: Scientific Quarterly Journal, 3(1(21), 113‒122. Retrieved from https://www.eminak.net.ua/index.php/eminak/article/view/366 [in Ukrainian].
Yurchenko, P. H. (1962). Ukrainske narodne mystetstvo. Rizblennia ta khudozhnii metal [Ukrainian folk art. Carving and artistic metal arranged]. Kyiv: State Publishing House of Fine Arts and Fiction [in Ukrainian].
Yurchenko, P. H. (1968). Derev’iana arkhitektura [Wooden architecture]. In Istoriia ukrainskoho mystetstva [History of Ukrainian art] (Vol. 3, pp. 13‒69). Kyiv: Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Main Editorial Office of the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia [in Ukrainian].
Zham, O., & Hrudevych, T. (2021). Svolok u khati chynbaria Muzeiu narodnoi arkhitektury ta pobutu Serednoi Naddniprianshchyny: Istorychnyi, mystetstvoznavchyi, istoriohrafichnyi ohliad [The svolok from chinbar`s house at the Museum of folk architecture and life of the Middle Dnieper: Historical, graphical and artistical review]. Siverianskyi litopys ‒ Siverian chronicle, (6), 25‒35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5804536 [in Ukrainian].
Abstract views: 467 PDF Downloads: 347
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License terms: authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License International CC-BY that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
The scanned copy of the "Agreement” on the authors" copyright transfer on the manuscript publication and the subsequent posting of the paper on the Internet (in * .pdf or * .jpg format) is to be attached to the manuscript of the paper.
By this agreement the author certifies that the submitted material:
- does not infringe the copyright of other persons or organizations;
- was not previously published in other publishing houses and has not been submitted for publication in other editions.
The author passes the editorial board of the journal "History of science and technology" rights to:
- publication of the article in Ukrainian (English and Russian) language and distribution of its printed copy;
- translation of the article into English language (for articles in Ukrainian and Russian language) and distribution of its translated printed copy;
- distribution of the article electronic copy, as well as electronic copy of the article English translation (for articles in Ukrainian and Russian), via any electronic means (placing on the official web-site of the journal, electronic databases, repositories, etc.) printed copy of the translation.
The author reserves the right without the consent of the editorial board and founders:
- Use the materials of the article in whole or in part for educational purposes.
- Use the materials of the article in whole or in part to write their own dissertations.
- Use the materials of the article for the preparation of abstracts, conference reports, as well as oral presentations.
- Place electronic copies of the article (including the final electronic copy downloaded from the official web-site of the journal) to:
- personal web-resources of all authors (web-sites, web-pages, blogs, etc.);
- web-resources of institutions where authors work (including electronic institutional repositories);
- non-commercial web-resources of open access (for example, arXiv.org).
In all cases, the availability of a bibliographic link to an article or hyperlink to its electronic copy on the official website of the journal is compulsory.
